Watch out for information, images, or other material that you find upsetting or frightening, or that stir up strong feelings. 

There are a lot of different methods that can be used to create and spread disinformation, misleading information, and propaganda. Multiple methods are often used simultaneously to achieve greater impact.

This handbook contains tools to improve your ability to recognise when a foreign antagonist power is attempting to influence you. This will build your personal resilience, which in turn will help Sweden. Don’t be fooled!

One standard method involves creating stories, or narratives, which can be completely false or only partially true, but which are skewed and taken out of context in order to mislead, polarise, and divide. A narrative is designed to influence our perceptions of the world we live in and how we choose to act in different situations.

Another common method involves targeting specific groups of people. This is known as targeted disinformation. A malicious third party, often referred to as an external threat actor, will tailor information to a particular group and then work methodically to reach out specifically to them – and only them – through social media or other channels.

Available in Swedish, English and Arabic.